Vasectomy là gì

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James Dunn does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, và has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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Some men may shudder at the thought of “the snip”. But vasectomies are a safe và effective size of contraception for men who have completed their family, or don’t wish khổng lồ have children.

Medicare data shows more than 25,000 Australian men have had a vasectomy in the last financial year. The relatively simple surgical procedure involves disrupting the sperm-carrying tubes in the scrotum khổng lồ prevent sperm from getting into the seminal fluid when a man ejaculates.

Typically, sperm only trang điểm around 2-5% of total ejaculate volume. That means following a successful vasectomy, at least 95% of the over product will still remain, while eliminating the risk of pregnancy.

The procedure

Generally, vasectomies are carried out under local anaesthetic. The surgery can usually be completed within 15-30 minutes.

In the “no-scalpel” method, a single puncture is made through the scrotum using specialised equipment. The tubes can then be accessed without having khổng lồ make an incision. This method is considered best practice as it is minimally invasive, does not require stitches và results in very little scarring.

There is also the more traditional incision method where a scalpel is used to make one or two small access points through which the doctor performs the procedure.

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For anyone worried about the function of the penis after the procedure, the penis actually has very little to vày with a vasectomy. An incision, or a puncture, is made into the scrotum, and the focus of the procedure is the small internal tubes which connect the testes to the penis, called the vas deferens. The vas deferens carry sperm from the testicles lớn the prostate where it’s mixed with semen for ejaculation.

This process of a vasectomy involves severing the vas deferens. From shutterstock

In most procedures, around 1-2cms of the vas deferens will be removed lớn minimise the chance of the tubes rejoining later on.

Techniques to close the ends of the vas deferens include cauterisation (electrical or thermal burning lớn create scar tissue) và ligation (tying the tubes).

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Some of the highest success rates involve an “open ended” technique (successful at least 99.5% of the time). This is where the upper portion of the tube is either cauterised or ligated while the end closer khổng lồ the testes remains open. This has a lower risk of complications than other methods & appears khổng lồ be a popular choice among Australian doctors.

How successful are vasectomies?

Generally vasectomies are very effective, with success rates well above 99% and with minimal long-term complications.

Potential complications immediately after surgery include infection và haematoma (internal bleeding), but the risks of such complications are small (1-2%). The risk is even less when the “no-scalpel” method is used.

After a vasectomy, the chance of a couple becoming pregnant again is well under 1%. From shutterstock

The most common long-term complication of a vasectomy is pain in the scrotum, yet this only affects about 2% of men. It is believed the “open-ended” method minimises the chance of this happening.

Importantly, vasectomies are only fully effective after around three months as it takes time for sperm to lớn clear completely from the vas deferens. So it’s sensible to continue lớn use an alternative size of contraception immediately following the procedure, until given the all-clear by a doctor.

Reversals

Someone who has had a vasectomy may wish lớn have the procedure reversed, for a variety of reasons.

Not every service that offers a vasectomy will offer a vasectomy reversal, called a vasovasostomy. But it can be done. The procedure essentially involves reconnecting the previously disconnected vas deferens.

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Of vasectomised men, around 3-6% opt lớn have a vasectomy reversal, after which successful pregnancy may be achieved in up to 80% of cases.

There are many factors that could affect this chance. The age of the female partner is among the most significant.

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It’s also important to note that the longer the duration since the vasectomy, the lower the odds of a successful reversal và future pregnancy.

In some cases, if a couple want more children following a vasectomy, a more realistic và time-efficient option may be IVF. Sperm can still be extracted directly from the testes of a man who has had a vasectomy.

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